These functions and LTRIM( ), which removes leading spaces, enable you to perform the following operations: ? cFirst + LTRIM(STR(nSecond)) ? VAL(cFirst) + nSecond Output 12345 168 Using Functions of 25įunctions return a specific type of data. For example, STR( ) returns the character equivalent of a numeric value and VAL( ) returns the numeric equivalent of a character string of numbers. ? nFirst + nSecond ? cFirst + cSecond Output 168 12345 Because cFirst is character data and nSecond is numeric data, you get a data type mismatch error if you try the following command: ? cFirst + nSecond You can avoid this problem by using conversion functions. cFirst = '123' cSecond = '45' The following two operations, addition and concatenation, yield different results because the type of data in the variables is different. The variables have been given names that start with c to indicate that they contain character data.

nFirst = 123 nSecond = 45 The following statements store two pieces of character data to two variables. The variables have been given names that start with n so we can tell at a glance that they contain numeric data, but you could name them with any combination of alphanumeric characters and underscores. The following statements store two numeric pieces of data to two variables. Remember that you must use the same type of data with any one operator. Note A question mark (?) in front of an expression causes a new line character and the results of the expression to be printed in the active output window, which is usually the main Visual FoxPro window. if the value stored in the variable n is 7. Operator = + ! or NOT *, / Valid Data Types All Numeric, Character, Date, DateTime Logical Numeric Example ? n = 7 ? 'Fox' + 'Pro' ? !.T. Here are the most common operators in Visual FoxPro. Using Operators Operators tie data together. The final pieces are operators, functions, and commands.

Manipulating Data Containers and data types give you the building blocks you need to manipulate data. Data Types Type Numeric Examples 123 3.1415 7 Test String 123 01/01/98.

Foxpro 2.6 commands with example